Makina Ozungulira Olukidwa

Ma preform a tubular amapangidwa pa makina oluka ozungulira, pomwe ma preform a flat kapena 3D, kuphatikiza kuluka kwa tubular, nthawi zambiri amatha kupangidwa pa makina oluka a flat.

Ukadaulo wopanga nsalu wogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamagetsi mu

Kupanga nsalu: kuluka

Kuluka kozungulira ndi kuluka kozungulira ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira nsalu zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu mawu oti nsalu yoluka (Spencer, 2001; Weber & Weber, 2008). (Table 1.1). Ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira zinthu zoluka pambuyo poluka. Makhalidwe a nsalu zoluka ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi nsalu zoluka chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka nsalu kolumikizana. Kusuntha kwa singano popanga ndi njira yoperekera ulusi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kusiyana pakati pa kuluka kozungulira ndi kuluka kozungulira. Ulusi umodzi ndi womwe umafunika kuti pakhale zoluka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoluka. Ngakhale singano zoluka zimasunthidwa nthawi imodzi, singano zimasunthidwa padera. Chifukwa chake, ulusi umafunika ndi singano zonse nthawi imodzi. Miyala ya nsalu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka ulusi chifukwa cha izi. Kuluka kozungulira, kuluka kozungulira, kuluka kosalala, ndi nsalu zoluka zokongoletsedwa bwino ndi nsalu zofunika kwambiri zoluka.

Malupu amalumikizana mzere ndi mzere kuti apange kapangidwe ka nsalu zolukidwa. Kupanga lupu yatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi woperekedwa ndi udindo wa mbedza ya singano. Lupu yakale imatsikira pansi pa singano pamene singano ikukwera mmwamba kuti igwire ulusi ndikupanga lupu yatsopano (Chithunzi 1.2). Singano imayamba kutseguka chifukwa cha izi. Tsopano popeza mbedza ya singano yatsegulidwa, ulusi ukhoza kugwidwa. Lupu yakale kuchokera ku bwalo lolukira lakale imakokedwa kudzera mu lupu yatsopano yomangidwa. Singano imatseka panthawiyi. Tsopano popeza lupu yatsopano ikadali yolumikizidwa ku mbedza ya singano, lupu yakale ikhoza kumasulidwa.

Chodulira chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zovala zoluka (Chithunzi 7.21). Ndi mbale yopyapyala yachitsulo yomwe imabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yayikulu ya chodulira chilichonse, chomwe chili pakati pa singano ziwiri, ndikuthandizira kupanga lupu. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene singano ikuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi kuti ipange malupu atsopano, imasunga malupu omwe adapangidwa mu bwalo lapitalo pansi.