Nhoroondo yemichina yekuruka yakatenderera, inotangira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Michina yekutanga yekuruka yaive yemaoko, uye muchina wekuruka wakatenderera wakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi19.
Muna 1816, muchina wekutanga wekuruka wakatenderera wakagadzirwa naSamuel Benson. Muchina uyu wakagadzirwa nefuremu yakatenderera uye waive nehoko dzakatevedzana dzaigona kufambiswa kutenderedza furemu kuti ugadzire kuruka. Muchina wekuruka wakatenderera waive kuvandudza kukuru pamusoro petsono dzekuruka dzaibatwa nemaoko, sezvo waigona kugadzira zvidimbu zvejira zvakakura nekukurumidza.
Mumakore akatevera, muchina wekuruka wakatenderera wakagadzirwazve, nekuvandudzwa kwefuremu uye kuwedzerwa kwezvishandiso zvakaoma. Muna 1847, muchina wekutanga wekugadzira tricoter cercle wakazvigadzira wega wakagadzirwa naWilliam Cotton muEngland. Muchina uyu waikwanisa kugadzira mbatya dzakakwana, dzinosanganisira masokisi, magirovhosi, uye masokisi.
Kugadzirwa kwemichina yekuruka ine denderedzwa reweft kwakaramba kuripo muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, nekufambira mberi kukuru muhunyanzvi hwemichina. Muna 1879, muchina wekutanga waikwanisa kugadzira jira rine mitsetse wakagadzirwa, izvo zvakabvumira kuti pave nekusiyana-siyana mumachira aigadzirwa.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, denderedzwa remachira rakavandudzwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwezvinodzora zvemagetsi. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekunyatsojeka uye kururama kukuru mukugadzirwa uye zvakavhura mikana mitsva yemhando dzemachira aigona kugadzirwa.
Muhafu yekupedzisira yezana remakore rechi20, michina yekuruka yakagadzirwa nekombiyuta, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nekunyatsorurama uye kutonga kukuru pamusoro pemaitiro ekuruka. Michina iyi yaigona kurongerwa kugadzira machira akasiyana-siyana nemapatani, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kubatsira muindasitiri yemachira.
Nhasi uno, michina yekuruka yakatenderera inoshandiswa kugadzira machira akasiyana-siyana, kubva pamachira akanaka, akareruka kusvika kumachira anorema, akakora anoshandiswa muzvipfeko zvekunze. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemafashoni kugadzira mbatya, pamwe chete nemuindasitiri yemachira epamba kugadzira magumbeze, machira emubhedha, nedzimwe fenicha dzemumba.
Mukupedzisa, kugadzirwa kwemuchina wekuruka wakatenderera kwave kuri kufambira mberi kukuru muindasitiri yemachira, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kwemachira emhando yepamusoro nekukurumidza kupfuura zvainge zvichibvira kare. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji iri shure kwemuchina wekuruka wakatenderera kwakavhura mikana mitsva yemhando dzemachira anogona kugadzirwa, uye zvingangoita kuti tekinoroji iyi icharamba ichichinja uye ichivandudzika mumakore anotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-26-2023